NEW YORK (AP) — Stephen Sondheim, the songwriter who adapted the American agreeable amphitheater in the added bisected of the 20th aeon with his intelligent, intricately rhymed lyrics, his use of evocative melodies and his alertness to accouterment abnormal subjects, has died. He was 91.
Sondheim’s afterlife was appear by Rick Miramontez, admiral of DKC/O&M. Sondheim’s Texas-based attorney, Rick Pappas, told The New York Timesthe artisan died Friday at his home in Roxbury, Connecticut.
Sondheim afflicted several ancestors of amphitheater songwriters, decidedly with such battleground musicals as “Company,” “Follies” and “Sweeney Todd,” which are advised amid his best work. His best acclaimed ballad, “Send in the Clowns,” has been recorded hundreds of times, including by Frank Sinatra and Judy Collins.
The artisan banned to echo himself, award afflatus for his shows in such assorted capacity as an Ingmar Bergman cine (“A Little Night Music”), the aperture of Japan to the West (“Pacific Overtures”), French painter Georges Seurat (“Sunday in the Park With George”), Grimm’s bogie tales (“Into the Woods”) and akin the killers of American presidents (“Assassins”), amid others.
Tributes bound abounding amusing media as performers and writers akin saluted a behemothic of the theater. “We shall be singing your songs forever,” wrote Lea Salonga. Aaron Tveit wrote: “We are so advantageous to accept what you’ve accustomed the world.”
“The amphitheater has absent one of its greatest geniuses and the apple has absent one of its greatest and best aboriginal writers. Sadly, there is now a behemothic in the sky,” ambassador Cameron Mackintosh wrote in tribute. Music supervisor, arranger and orchestrator Alex Lacamoire tweeted: “For those of us who adulation new agreeable theater: we alive in a apple that Sondheim built.”
Six of Sondheim’s musicals won Tony Awards for best score, and he additionally accustomed a Pulitzer Prize (“Sunday in the Park”), an Academy Award (for the song “Sooner or Later” from the blur “Dick Tracy”), bristles Olivier Awards and the Presidential Medal of Honor. In 2008, he accustomed a Tony Award for lifetime achievement.
Sondheim’s music and lyrics gave his shows a dark, affecting edge, admitting afore him, the ascendant accent of musicals was bubbling and comic. He was sometimes criticized as a artisan of unhummable songs, a brand that didn’t bother Sondheim. Frank Sinatra, who had a hit with Sondheim’s “Send in the Clowns,” already complained: “He could accomplish me a lot happier if he’d address added songs for alehouse singers like me.”
To amphitheater fans, Sondheim’s composure and accuracy fabricated him an icon. A Broadway amphitheater was alleged afterwards him. A New York annual awning asked “Is Sondheim God?” The Guardian bi-weekly already offered this question: “Is Stephen Sondheim the Shakespeare of agreeable theatre?”
A absolute columnist — and an ardent amateur of chat amateur — Sondheim’s joy of accent shone through. “The adverse of larboard is right/The adverse of appropriate is wrong/So anyone who’s larboard is wrong, right?” he wrote in “Anyone Can Whistle.” In “Company,” he bound the lines: “Good things get better/Bad gets worse/Wait — I anticipate I meant that in reverse.”
He offered the three attempt all-important for a songwriter in his aboriginal aggregate of calm lyrics — Content Dictates Form, Beneath Is More, and God Is in the Details. All these truisms, he wrote, were “in the account of Clarity, afterwards which annihilation abroad matters.” Together they led to beauteous curve like: “It’s a actual abbreviate alley from the compression and the bite to the abdomen and the accessory and the pension.”
Taught by no beneath a ability than Oscar Hammerstein, Sondheim pushed the agreeable into a darker, richer and added bookish place. “If you anticipate of a amphitheater lyric as a abbreviate story, as I do, afresh every band has the weight of a paragraph,” he wrote in his 2010 book, “Finishing the Hat,” the aboriginal aggregate of his accumulating of lyrics and comments.
Early in his career, Sondheim wrote the lyrics for two shows advised to be abstract of the American stage, “West Side Story” (1957) and “Gypsy” (1959). “West Side Story,” with music by Leonard Bernstein, crude Shakespeare’s “Romeo and Juliet” to the streets and gangs of modern-day New York. “Gypsy,” with music by Jule Styne, told the backstage adventure of the ultimate date mother and the babe who grew up to be Gypsy Rose Lee.
It was not until 1962 that Sondheim wrote both music and lyrics for a Broadway show, and it angry out to be a accident — the blue “A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum,” starring Zero Mostel as a arch bondservant in age-old Rome admiring to be free.
Yet his abutting show, “Anyone Can Whistle” (1964), flopped, active alone nine performances but accomplishing band cachet afterwards its casting recording was released. Sondheim’s 1965 lyric accord with artisan Richard Rodgers — “Do I Hear a Waltz?” — additionally angry out to be problematic. The musical, based on the ball “The Time of the Cuckoo,” ran for six months but was an black acquaintance for both men, who did not get along.
It was “Company,” which opened on Broadway in April 1970, that anchored Sondheim’s reputation. The anecdotal adventures of a available (played by Dean Jones) with an disability to accomplish to a accord was hailed as capturing the affected attributes of striving, blowhard New Yorkers. The show, produced and directed by Hal Prince, won Sondheim his aboriginal Tony for best score. “The Ladies Who Lunch” became a accepted for Elaine Stritch.
The afterward year, Sondheim wrote the account for “Follies,” a attending at the burst hopes and aghast dreams of women who had appeared in abundant Ziegfeld-style revues. The music and lyrics paid admiration to abundant composers of the accomplished such as Jerome Kern, Cole Porter and the Gershwins.
In 1973, “A Little Night Music,” starring Glynis Johns and Len Cariou, opened. Based on Bergman’s “Smiles of a Summer Night,” this atoning affair of middle-age lovers contains the song “Send in the Clowns,” which acquired acceptance alfresco the show. A awakening in 2009 starred Angela Lansbury and Catherine Zeta-Jones was nominated for a best awakening Tony.
“Pacific Overtures,” with a book by John Weidman, followed in 1976. The musical, additionally produced and directed by Prince, was not a banking success, but it approved Sondheim’s charge to offbeat material, clarification its account of the westernization of Japan through a amalgam American-Kabuki style.
In 1979, Sondheim and Prince collaborated on what abounding accept to be Sondheim’s masterpiece, the blood-soaked yet generally darkly funny “Sweeney Todd.” An aggressive work, it starred Cariou in the appellation role as a arduous beautician whose barter end up in meat pies broiled by Todd’s accommodating accomplice, played by Angela Lansbury.
The Sondheim-Prince affiliation burst two years later, afterwards “Merrily We Roll Along,” a agreeable that traced a accord astern from its characters’ compromised average age to their abstracted youth. The show, based on a ball by George S. Kaufman and Moss Hart, alone ran two weeks on Broadway. But again, as with “Anyone Can Whistle,” its aboriginal casting recording helped “Merrily We Roll Along” to become a admired amid musical-theater buffs.
“Sunday in the Park,” accounting with James Lapine, may be Sondheim’s best claimed show. A account of uncompromising aesthetic creation, it told the adventure of artisan Georges Seurat, played by Mandy Patinkin. The painter submerges aggregate in his life, including his accord with his archetypal (Bernadette Peters), for his art.) It was best afresh active on Broadway in 2017 with Jake Gyllenhaal.)
Three years afterwards “Sunday” debuted, Sondheim collaborated afresh with Lapine, this time on the absurd agreeable “Into the Woods.” The appearance starred Peters as a alluring witch and dealt primarily with the agitated relationships amid parents and children, application such acclaimed absurd characters as Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood and Rapunzel. It was best afresh active in the summer of 2012 in Central Park by The Public Theater.
“Assassins” opened off-Broadway in 1991 and it looked at the men and women who capital to annihilate presidents, from John Wilkes Booth to John Hinckley. The appearance accustomed mostly abrogating reviews in its aboriginal incarnation, but abounding of those critics antipodal themselves 13 years afterwards back the appearance was done on Broadway and won a Tony for best agreeable revival.
“Passion” was addition astringent attending at obsession, this time a atrocious woman, played by Donna Murphy, in adulation with a handsome soldier. Despite acceptable the best-musical Tony in 1994, the appearance almost managed a six-month run.
A new adaptation of “The Frogs,” with added songs by Sondheim and a revised book by Nathan Lane (who additionally starred in the production), played Lincoln Center during the summer of 2004. The show, based on the Aristophanes comedy, originally had been done 20 years beforehand in the Yale University pond pool.
One of his added afflicted shows was “Road Show,” which reunited Sondheim and Weidman and spent years actuality formed on. This account of the Mizner brothers, whose get-rich schemes in the aboriginal allotment of the 20th aeon assuredly fabricated it to the Public Amphitheater in 2008 afterwards activity through several altered titles, admiral and casts.
He had been alive on a new agreeable with “Venus in Fur” author David Ives, who alleged his assistant a genius. “Not alone are his musicals brilliant, but I can’t anticipate of addition amphitheater actuality who has so actual a accomplished age so eloquently,” Ives said in 2013. “He is the spirit of the age in a assertive way.”
Sondheim was built-in March 22, 1930, into a affluent family, the alone son of dress architect Herbert Sondheim and Helen Fox Sondheim. At 10, his parents afar and Sondheim’s mother bought a abode in Doylestown, Pa., area one of their Bucks County neighbors was artist Oscar Hammerstein II, whose son, James, was Sondheim’s acquaintance at boarding school. It was Oscar Hammerstein who became the adolescent man’s able coach and a acceptable friend.
He had a aloof childhood, one that complex exact corruption from his arctic mother. He accustomed a letter in his 40s from her cogent him that she regretted giving bearing to him. He connected to abutment her financially and to see her occasionally but didn’t appear her funeral.
Sondheim abounding Williams College in Massachusetts, area he majored in music. Afterwards graduation, he accustomed a two-year acquaintance to abstraction with beat artisan Milton Babbitt.
One of Sondheim’s aboriginal jobs was autograph scripts for the television appearance “Topper,” which ran for two years (1953-1955). At the aforementioned time, Sondheim wrote his aboriginal musical, “Saturday Night,” the adventure of a accumulation of adolescent bodies in Brooklyn in 1920s. It was to accept opened on Broadway in 1955, but its ambassador died aloof as the agreeable was about to go into production, and the appearance was scrapped. “Saturday Night” assuredly fabricated it to London’s Bridewell Theatre in 1997 and in New York off-Broadway in 2000.
Sondheim wrote infrequently for the movies. He collaborated with amateur Anthony Perkins on the calligraphy for the 1973 annihilation abstruseness “The Aftermost of Sheila,” and besides his assignment on “Dick Tracy” (1990), wrote array for such movies as Alain Resnais’ “Stavisky” (1974) and Warren Beatty’s “Reds” (1981).
Over the years, there accept been abounding Broadway revivals of Sondheim shows, abnormally “Gypsy,” which had reincarnations starring Angela Lansbury (1974), Tyne Daly (1989) and Peters (2003). But there additionally were productions of “A Funny Thing,” one with Phil Silvers in 1972 and addition starring Nathan Lane in 1996; “Into the Woods” with Vanessa Williams in 2002; and akin of Sondheim’s beneath acknowledged shows such as “Assassins” and “Pacific Overtures,” both in 2004. “Sweeney Todd” has been produced in opera houses about the world. A reimagined “West Side Story” opened on Broadway in 2020 and this year an off-Broadway “Assassins” opened off-Broadway at Classic Date Company and a accolade “Company” opened on Broadway with the gender of the advocate switched. A blur adaptation of “West Side Story” is to accessible this December directed by Steven Spielberg.
Sondheim’s songs accept been acclimated abundantly in revues, the best-known actuality “Side by Side by Sondheim” (1976) on Broadway and “Putting It Together,” off-Broadway with Julie Andrews in 1992 and on Broadway with Carol Burnett in 1999. The New York Philharmonic put on a star-studded “Company” in 2011 with Neil Patrick Harris and Stephen Colbert. Tunes from his musicals accept afresh popped up everywhere from “Marriage Story” to “The Morning Show.”
An HBO documentary directed by Lapine, “Six by Sondheim,” aired in 2013 and appear that he admired to compose lying bottomward and sometimes enjoyed a cocktail to alleviate up as he wrote. He akin appear that he absolutely alone fell in adulation afterwards extensive 60, aboriginal with the author Peter Jones and afresh in his aftermost years with Jeff Romley.
“Every so generally addition comes forth that fundamentally accouterment an absolute art form. Stephen Sondheim was one of those. As millions ache his casual I additionally appetite to accurate my acknowledgment for all he has accustomed to me and so abounding more,” accompanist and amateur Hugh Jackman wrote via Twitter.
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Mark Kennedy is at http://twitter.com/KennedyTwits
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